Engine



y 1940? n. J. CAMPBELL ENGINE Filed Feb. 10, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 florzaZaZ J Cam vZeZZ y 1940-v D, J. CAMPBELL 2,202,480

ENGINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 10, 1938 Jana 17a? JCZmzpZeZZ fitter-72635.

May 28, 1940.

D. J. CAMPBELL ENGINE Filed Feb. 10. 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 172126722507 2 Jmz aZcZ J Cam vZeZZ Patented M728, 1940 Donald J. Campbell,

of one-half to James F.

and one-fourth to Inlay Micln, corporated, Muskegon,

Application February 10,

Muskegon, Micln, asaign'or Campbell, Muskegon, Investment, In-

Mich.

1938, Serial No. 139,72!

3 Claims: (01. 60-14 My invention relates to improvements in motors and has for one ebject to provide a new and improved type of combined internal combustion engine and steam or expansive fluid motor where- .5 in the cylindersl making use of both principles are contained within the same housing and effect an inter-relation whereby heat exchange produces temperature control and assists in' power generation.

Another object of my invention is to provide new and improved structural details which make the desired arrangement commercially practicable.

Other objects will appear from time to time 15 throughout the specification and claims.

My invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings wherein- I Figure 1 is a side elevation shownpartly in 2 section through the engine;

Figure2 is a fragmentary section along the line 2-2 of Figure 1; I a

Figure 3 is a fragmentary section along the, line 33 of Figure 1;

25 Figure 4 is a fragmentary section through the cylinder head;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary section along the line 5-5 of Figures 1 and 4. v a I Like parts are indicated by like characters 30 throughout the specification and drawings.

It will be understood that my engine comprises one or more internal combustion engine cylinders and oneor more steam cylinders. The steam may be obtained by the vaporization of 35 .water or by the vaporizing of any other suitable vaporizable material and the internal combustion engine cylinder may be of any suitable or de-, sired type. v 1

The cylinder block casting contains an internal combustion engine cylinder I, a steam engine cylinder 2, webs 3, 4, extend downwardly from the cylinder block casting to support crank shaft bearings 5, 6, in which rotates a crank shaft 1. Trunk pistons 3 and 9 in the internal combustion 45 engine and steam cylinder respectively are connected to the throwsof the crank shaft by connecting rods II, II in the usualway. i2 is a pinion on the crank shaft driving a gear 13 in thehousing 14 on the cam shaft IE5 at half crank shaft speed. The cam shaft 15 hasa plurality of cams l6 thereon which engage cam tappets ll, slidable in guides l3, and associated with valve lifter rods 19, which engage rocker arms 20. There are two such cams, rods and arms for each 55 cylinder. The internal combustion engine cylg the valve stems engaging rocker. arms in the usual manner.

end of the rocker arm 20,

inder has intake and exhaust poppet valves 2| held normally in closed position by springs 22, the inner ends of the Referring now to the steam engine cylinder, 5 the intakevalve comprises a sleeve 23 open at the lower end and provided with a plurality of ports 24. This sleeve travels in a valve housing 25 integral with the cylinder head 26. In this valve housing is an annular chamberor channel 21,1 communicating with a steam passage 28, in the cylinder head. The valve housing is directly open at its lower end to the steam engine cylinder, the upper end is closed by a packing gland 29 through whichthe valvestemill extends tov engage the the coil spring 5| tending' to hold the valve in the upper closed position.

30 is a bleeder passage through the closed end of the valve communicating with the space between the closed end and the packing gland so that thevalve is balanced. In'the position shown in Figure 2, the valve is in the closed position. When forced down by theupward movement of the cam l6,until the ports 24; are registered with the annular passage 21, steam is admitted to the cylinder. a

3| is a steam exhaust valve. It..is the conventional type of poppet valve though'of materially larger diameter than the poppet valves of the internal'combustion engine, this being madepossibl e by the fact that the intake valve'is of smaller diameterand so leaves some room in the cylinder head for the exhaust valve. The exhaust valve is supported on a valve stem 32, extending through a packing gland 33 which closes the exhaust 35 steam chest 34. This stem is in engagement with a rocker arm 20 and-a spring 35 normally holds the valve in the closed position. The steam chest 34 communicates with an exhaust steam passage 36 in thecylinder head.

31 is a reservoir enclosed within the cylinder casting and encircling the lower portions of all of the cylinders. Water is supplied to and circulated through this reservoir by the low pressure centrifugal pump 38 driven from the crank shaft in the usual. manner. 39 is .a high pressure pump driven by the cam shaft I5 through suitable me- I chanicalmeans (not shown), which withdraws water from the reservoir 31 and forces it at high pressure into the preheating chamber 40 which encircles only the internal combustion engine cylinder, intermediate its two ends. Thence water flows to the vaporizing chamber or system H which encircles the upper portion of the internal combustion engine cylinders and communicates by way of the passage 4 with the serpentine passages 42 disposed in that part of the engine cylinder head which is associated with the internal combustion engine cylinder and where vaporization is completed. Thence the vapor or steam passes through a pipe 420 to a superheater coil 43 in the exhaust manifold 44 and is discharged into a steam chamber 45 encircling the steam cylinder. This chamber 45 communicates with the passage 28 so that live steam may be supplied to the steam engine valve.

46 is a dead air space in the body of the casting surrounding and insulating the steam chamber 45. The exhaust steam passes out from the chamber 35 through the pipe 52 to the outer air.

As indicated the cams associated with the internal combustion engine cylinder are single lobe cams because the cylinder works on the fourstroke cycle. Because in t type of engine only every other stroke is a power stroke and the intake valve works on one stroke and the exhaust valve on the next, whereas in the steam engine side, the cams are two lobe cams because each stroke is a vapor stroke and the exhaust and intake valves must work each stroke. The intake valve subjected to the maximum steam pressure is balanced so that resistance to movement is only caused by the spring. The exhaust valve is unbalanced because it opens only against the expanded reduced steam pressure at the end of the stroke.

By the arrangement shown, the water is given a slight preliminary preheating in the reservoir cast integral with the engine, make up water being supplied by the circulating pump. Thereafter, there is a continuous flow of the water at high pressure forced from the reservoir into the preheating chamber, the coldest water being brought into contact with the cooler portion of the engine cylinder and as it is heated being conveyed either as water or as steam gradually into a progressively hotter zone so that maximum eificiency of heat transfer results, the steam engine'cylinder being surrounded partly by the dead air space and partly by the live steam on its way to the cylinder.

An important part of my invention includes the fact that the steam and internal combustion engine cylinders are generally identical in shape, size and arrangement. Pistons, connecting rods, valve mechanisms and the like are all interchangeable, the only difference being in the valves themselves, hence a minimum of difficulty arises in design and manufacture of the engine and no problems of dynamic balance or unbalance enter into the situation. The stroke is the same, the weight of the reciprocating parts are the same in each cylinder and the load on the valve operating mechanism is substantially the same.

Reference should be made to my co-pending application Serial No. 189,728 for other details of this type of engine.

I claim:

1. In combination, in an engine a cylinder casting containing, a plurality of substantially identical cylinders, pistons and connecting rods, a cylinder head, a crank shaft and a cam shaft associated with all 01' the cylinders, distribution ing chambers valves for supplying combustible material to and discharging products of combustion from one cylinder and distribution valves for supplying steam to and discharging it from another cylinder, all of said valves being controlled by the single cam shaft, a gas tight jacket enclosing the cylinder to which combustible material is supplied and a steam passage leading directly and unobstructedly therefrom to the steam distribution valve, such steam passage including a serpentine channel through the cylinder head all of said connecting rods being associated with and driving the single crank shaft.

2. In combination, in an engine a. cylinder casting containing, a plurality of substantially identical cylinders, pistons and connecting rods, a cylinder head, a crank shaft and a cam shaft associated with all of the cylinders, distribution valves for supplying combustible material to and discharging products of combustion from one cylinder and distribution valves for supplying steam to and discharging it from another cylinder, all of said valves being controlled by the single cam shaft, a gas tight jacket enclosing the cylinder to which combustible material is supplied and a steam passage leading directly and unobstructedly therefrom to the steam distribution valve, such steam passage including a serpentine channel through the cylinder head, such steam passage including a coil exposed to the heat of the spent products of combustion discharged from at least one of the cylinders all of said connecting rods being associated with and driving the single crank shaft.

3. In combination, in an engine, a cylinder casting containing a plurality of substantially identical cylinders, pistons and connecting rods, a cylinder head, a crank shaft and a cam shaft associated with all of the cylinders, at least one of the cylinders being adapted to act as a steam engine cylinder, the others being adapted to act as internal combustion engine cylinders, distribution valves for supplying combustible material to and discharging products of combustion'from the internal combustion engine cylinder and distribution valves for supplying steam to and discharging it from the steam engine cylinders, all of said valves being controlled by the single cam shaft, single lobe cams on the cam shaft controlling the internal combustion engine cylinders, double lobe cams on the cam shaft controlling the steam engine cylinders, the casting containing a water heating reservoir enclosing portions of the internal combustion engine cylinders, the casting also containing vaporizing and steam generating chambers enclosing portions of the internal combustion engine cylinders, means driven by the cam shaft for drawing water from the reservoir and discharging it into the vaporizing chambers, the conduit leading from the vaporizto the steam engine cylinder including a steam chest surrounding the steam engine cylinder and discharging through one of the distribution valves to the cylinder, there being a dead air pocket disposed within the cylinder casting surrounding the steam chest.

DONALD J. CAMPBELL. 

